<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">一、我国助学贷款实施的背景和现状</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song"></FONT></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1998</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">年经中国人民银行、教育部、财政部等部门共同研究，出台国家助学贷款制度。这项工作，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1999</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">年先在北京、上海、天津、重庆、武汉、沈阳、西安、南京等八个城市开展试点，随后又在全国全面推开。作为高校收费改革的一个重要组成部分，其最终目标是要逐步建立一个由国家、社会、学校和个人合理分担高教培养成本的机制。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">现行的助学贷款是由政府主导、财政贴息，通过财政和高校对放贷银行提供一定的风险补偿金，以此来解决家庭经济困难学生的上学经济支出的问题。借款学生不需要办理担保或抵押，但应当按期还款，并且承担相应的法律责任。国家助学贷款规定每名学生每年可以贷款上限是６０００元，用以弥补其在学校学习期间的学费、生活费和住宿费等。在校期间，贷款学生不需要承担贷款利息，只是从毕业之后的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">个月之内开始还贷，需要在毕业后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">年内还清。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">截止</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">2005</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">月底，全国累计已审批国家助学贷款学生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">206.8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">万人，累计已审批合同金额</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">172.7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">亿元。早期的贷款学生已完成学业，开始进入还款期。助学贷款对于缓解高等教育资源在我国供求矛盾与压力、促进教育机会公平、扩大经济困难学生资助面等方面发挥了日益重要的作用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"></SPAN></B></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">二、目前我国的助学贷款体系存在的主要问题及其经济学原因</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">在助学贷款政策执行过程中，政府、学生、学校、银行、家庭等行为主体由于信息的不确定性和利益的不一致性的存在，导致不同的行为主体在利益分配和成本承担、机会主义、道德风险等方面存在若干矛盾和问题：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font
|
